Color Production

The understanding of the color production can be best understood with the help of color wheel. All the colors of spectrum show a close relationship with each other on the color wheel.

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Primary Colors

Red, blue and yellow are the three primary colors which are the most purist and brightest hues of the spectrum. All other colors are derived from these primary colors.

Secondary Colors

A secondary color is produced by mixing the two primary colors in equal proportion. A mixture of red and yellow makes orange, Blue and yellow makes green and red and blue makes violet.

Tertiary Colors

 A mixture of primary color with its neighboring secondary color makes a tertiary color .Such as yellow – green, blue- green, blue – violet, red – violet, red – orange and yellow – orange.

There are total three primaries, three secondary and six tertiary color in the color wheel .However many more colors can be made by adding black and white to any color to make the tints and shades of that color.

Color Schemes

Color schemes facilitate in assembling a set of colors that are synchronize or contrast well with each other. A color scheme looks good and also creates a feeling of wellbeing to the onlooker. There are different types of color schemes they are as follows –

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Monochromatic Color Scheme

The color scheme which uses single color is monochromatic color scheme. In this color scheme various darker shades, grayer tones and paler tints of a single hue may be included, such as pink red and maroon.

Analogous Color Scheme

The combination of colors next to each other on a color wheel makes an analogous color scheme, such as red – orange and orange, blue – green and blue, and blue violet and violet.

Complementary Color Scheme

The colors which are placed opposite to each other in a color wheel are known as complementary color scheme, such as red and green, blue and orange, yellow and orange and blue and violet.

Split Complementary Color Scheme

Colors that are opposite to each other on a color wheel are considered to be as complementary, and the color when used with the two colors on each side of the complementary color produce the spilt complementary. Examples are yellow with red – violet and blue violet or red with blue – green and yellow – green.

Triad Complementary Colors

Three colors placed equidistant on the color wheel are known as triad color scheme, such as yellow, red and blue and many more.

Colors

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Colors plays a very important part in our everyday life .Our world is full of colors and they make our lives more interesting and colorful. Color is the first element in a garment which seeks our first attention. It is the most little expensive factor that can be altered in the production of clothing. New colors are introduced during each season as they stimulate sales. 

The important thing while selecting the color for a garment we must consider the figure type, skin tone, and age and hair color of the wearer. The chosen color must be appropriate for the season and for the occasion for which it is being made and worn.

Color Dimensions

There are three different type of color dimension, which are hue, value and intensity.

Hue

Hue refers to the color visible to the eye when any surface is viewed under light. It is the main color. The color of the surface depends on the light waves which it reflects and absorbs. For example, the color red which absorbs all the colors of light except red, which it reflects. All the primary colors are hues.

Intensity

Intensity refers to the brightness or dullness of a color. Bright colors show higher intensity as compared to pale colors. The addition of gray, black and white to any color produces a color of lower intensity.

Value

Value indicates the degree of lightness and darkness of a color. A higher value is achieved by adding white, which are pure light and a lower value of intensity by adding black, as it relates to absence of light. The addition of white produces tints, which is lighter than the pure hue
. The addition of black produces a shade, which is darker than the pure hue. The addition of gray color produces tones. The value contrast is a part of each garment even if they are produced only for construction details. Strong value contrasts can achieve a dramatic effect.

Fabric patterns

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In order to make a fabric look beautiful and attractive, the motifs need to be incorporated in it as a harmonious combination of shapes and sizes. The different types of motifs can be combined while keeping the color palette in mind and using the predominant color in the background. Motifs can be emphasized by using contrasting colors, values and intensities.

The placement of the motifs is should be in the harmony with the background so that the motifs moves rhythmically from one to another, and is a balance remained between then motifs and the background.

Patterns on Body

A fabric design is made up of motifs. Motifs size, position and color are important in selecting the right fabric for the body type. These are some points which should be kept in mind while designing a garment which have motifs –

The size of the patterns on the fabric has to be in the harmony with body size or physique of the wearer. 

Despite the right choice of the color, the fabric with large pattern on it is not suitable for small framed women as it will overpower her looks and body and neither for large framed body as it will add girth to her already large frame.

Small or moderately sized patterns are good for small framed women, and when used in overall print or directional print it will make a large figure look appear slender.

Large and bold patterns are suitable only for tall and large figures.

The of pattern must complement the style of the garment.

Bold and intrinsic patterns should be used in simple styled garment.

If the highlight of the garment is it’s designing and styling, then the fabric must be selected to suit the style details.  

Colors and patterns

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Colors can be used as a part of a garment or can be used in the form of a pattern. such as stripes , plaids , checks and floral . It is very important to select the right pattern for the figure type for which a designer is making an outfit.

Patterns help in accentuating the beautiful parts of a body or camouflaging a problem area. The selection of a patterned fabric requires a clear picture to the pattern or design as regards its motifs, its arrangement in terms of background area, color combination, textural effects, and the end use of the fabric.

Motifs

A motif is an individual part of the pattern, which can be repeated in different ways to produce patterns.

Motifs can be classified as follows –

Geometrical motifs

This type of motifs include lines in various forms , such as horizontal , vertical , diagonal , straight , and curved . They form fabric designs such as stripes, plaids, checks and circles and other types of designs.

Realistic Motifs

This type of motifs portray a direct replica of things as they exist in nature , such as trees , flowers , mountains , animals in jungles and other natural things . As this motifs lack designers creativity and require a three dimensional platform to copy reality that’s why they are less accepted in fashion industry.

Stylized Motifs

Stylized motifs include variations in natural things; designers manipulate natural motifs in stylized form. These motifs are full of creativity, as they are designer’s interpretation of naturally existing things.

Abstract Motifs

Abstract motifs lack any resemblance to natural or manmade objects. They are full of colors and add interest to the fabric.

Textures and Its Usage in Clothing and Fashion Industry

The textures can be known as the sensuous element of a design and it adds interest of the surface of the fabric by its design and its construction. Texture s can be felt by different mediums like by the play of the light on the fabric, or can be felt by hands and can be heard by rustle of the fabric. Different combinations of textures create interest to a garment.

The prevalent style of a season determines the textures that will be in vogue, as they both need to be compatible with each other. The best fabric choice for tailored styles are crisp and firmly woven fabrics such as gabardine , twill , woolens , while soft fabrics like chiffon , silk , crepe are ideal for drapery purpose .

The designers use different garment construction techniques to manipulate fabric in the desirable way, such techniques are pleating, tucking, shirring and gathering. There are some classic fabrics; these fabrics are neither very soft nor very rough.

Some of the examples of classic fabrics are cotton and terry cot. Textures must be appropriate for the season and occasion. For example, heavy and warm fabrics for winters and cool light, thin and absorbent fabrics for summers.

Dull fabrics are suitable for casual styling and shiny fabrics are good choice for party wear. 

Usage in clothing

Textures can be used for making illusion, as fabric qualities, such as weight, light absorbent and reflection are dependent on fabric textures .

The texture of fabric should be in the harmony with the texture of skin and hair.

The shiny fabrics make the body appear larger as light is reflected from the fabric, especially in the case of fitted garment.

The usage of dull fabric is very suitable for all body types as they do not bring unintended attention to the body.

Soft fabrics tend to cling and therefore suitable for those who want to reveal their body figures.

Stiff fabrics stand away from the body and hide figure problems but very stiff fabrics add bulk and weight, making the body look very heavy.

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Textures

Texture is a term used to describe the surface appearance and feel of the fabric . The selection of a fabric that is done by basis of it’s the on going fashion trends , quality , performance , price and most importantly its suitability to the design . In designing a garment the most important thing is the selection of the fabric as different type of garment is made with different types of fabrics . 

The textures of fabrics are depend upon the following four factors –

• Fibers
• Yarns
• Fabric construction
• Finish

Fibers

Fibers are referred to the raw materials that are spun into yarn with the help of weaving and knit into cloth with the help of knitting . Fabric textures are the result of the inherent characteristics of the raw material . The best examples of this are the jute fibers which are harsh that’s why they are used for making sacks and the silk filaments are very smooth that’s why they are used for making soft silk fabric .

Yarns

Yarns are made by using different type of techniques from which different types of textures are emerged . Low twisted yarns gives a shiny texture as in the case of satin and high twisted leads to rough texture .

Fabric Construction

This refers to the techniques by which yarns are converted into fabrics the different  techniques that are used are weaving , knitting and felting of the yarn to make fabric . The texture of the fabric is varied as the result of the different construction techniques even with the use of similar yarns . These techniques vary the feel and look of the fabric .

Finish

Refers to the fabric finishes that vary the textures of the fabric by using different chemicals . Some finishes stiffens the fabric and others softens it .

Silhouette of a Garment

The silhouette is the outline of the garment .The most dramatic visual element of a garment is its silhouette . Silhouette forms the first impression of a garment to a person which may or may not be appealing to the eye .The direction of horizontal or vertical lines in a garment determines the silhouette of a garment .

 A silhouette should complement the body shape of the garment . Each silhouette has its highlighted features in terms of any specific part of the garment such as sleeves ,waistline and shoulders . Three basic silhouette has been prevalent in the soiecty are – straight or tubular , bell or bouffant and back fullness or bustle .

These silhouette has been popular during various times in the history of fashion . Some other types of garment silhouette are –

The Natural body Silhouette

This silhouette follows the curves  of the body in its natural way, which can be seen in the case of stretch body suits , swimsuits and leotards .

The Slim Line Silhouette

This type of silhouette fits close to the body , which is similar to the tailored silhouette of a business suit .

The Hourglass silhouette

This type of silhouette is similar to a perfect feminine silhouette as it has full bust , small waist and wide hips . The point which is most highlighted in this silhouette is the waist line area . Wedding gowns are the best example of this type of silhouette as it is fitted from the waist area .

The Moderate Silhouette

This type of silhouette is prepared with extra ease . The type of fabric by which this type garments are manufactured are soft and sheer fabrics which emphasis on soft details such as shirring , ruffeles and gathers . This type of silhouette is used in making of party wear dresses .

The Extreme Silhouette

This type of silhouette is used to widen or add volume to the particular area of the body , such as padding at the shoulders to increase shoulder width, thereby making the lower tors look narrower than the upper torso and making a person appear taller .the best example of this type of clothing are outerwear garments such as coats and capes .

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Influence of colors on clothing

The colors of our clothes greatly influence the various factors of a person who is wearing that color .There are four factors that influence the colours in clothing.

• Complexion
• Body shape
• Age
• Emotions

Complexion

The color of garment that a person is wearing should be in harmony with the complexion of the skin of person that is wearing the garment. For example-

Soft pastel colors look good on the people who have lighter complexion. And dark or bright color looks good on person who has dark complexion. If a lighter complexion person wears dark color it will make them look pale, while light colors values add color to skin. Warm  and contrasting colors look flattering on person who has darker complexion. Undesirable tones in the skin can be subdued by using analogous color schemes in the garment.

Body shape

The body shape of a person is affected by the color of garment that he/she is wearing . Light colored clothes should not be wearied the people who has heavy body shape , it will make them look more heavier. Dark color of the garment make the person appear more slimmer than the actual body shape it gives the illusion of slimness . The usage of light colors on the garments make people look more heavier.  Dark or very low values outline the silhouette and light or high values reflect the light falling on them. Value contrast should be placed on the are of the body which needs to be highlighted , such as waists, neck and bust.

Age

While selecting the color of your clothes you must consider the age of the person that is going to wear the garment .As we get older our skin and hair color gets changed.For older people we must not select harsh and bright colors. Cool colors are a good choice , as they convey a feeling of releaxation and restfulness. Subtle colors , such as neutrals and dull intensities are very important colors of older people wardrobe.

Emotions

Every color convey its different emotion and feeling . Most of the times these emotions are generalized. Here are some example of them-

RED – Passion, love and danger

BLACK – Death, mourning and sorrow.

WHITE – Peace , purity , and also mourning in Indian culture.

BROWNS – Stability and nature .

ORANGE – Excitement and youthfulness.

GREEN – Growth , nature and freshness .

BLUE – Restfulness and new born baby boys.

PINK – Tenderness , sweetness and new born baby girls . 

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The Principles of Design

The principles of design are important in making harmony with the elements of design.The principle of design is a combining element in any garment.The main principle of design are as follows-

PROPORTION
BALANCE
RHYTHM
EMPHASIS
HARMONY

PROPORTION
Proportion can be defined as a pleasing relationship between the garment and its different parts. In garment its silhouette has to be in proportion with the different parts of the garment. The basic law or the golden law that is provided by the egyptians are 3:5:8 and 5:8:13. A proportionate garment design needs to be synchronised with the motifs, the placement of the motifs and the desirability of the garment to the wearer.The colours in a garment also provides proportion to the garment.The best example of this are Indian ladies suits which follows a inverted proportion system. Although mini skirts are designed in poor proportion as the shorter length of the garment proportionate the longer legs of the wearer.
Proportion And Body Shape
The body size can be divided into three categories which are as follows-
Small
Medium
Large
The person who is of small body size should not wear garments which have big patterns on it , excess of jewellery also do not look good on small statured people.

The person who is of medium body size can wear a wide variety of garments and different types of fabrics according to their body size.

The person who has large body size can wear garments which have small motifs on it which can accentuate the body shape of the person.

BALANCE
Balance is a state of equilibrium of the design parts. In a garment balance can be provided with different means. The balance can be divided  into three different categories in which two are the important ones -

SYMMETRICAL BALANCE
In symmetrical or formal balance one side of garment is exact copy or mirror image of the other side.In symmetrical balance the garment can be divided into two similar parts by means of a imaginary line and identical objects are placed on both sides of garment .This is the commonly used feature in the garment and it provides simplicity ,soderity and sophistication to the garment there is no creativity needed to make this type of garment therefore the designer needs to be emphasis on colour,texture and accesories to give it more dramatic look The example of symmetrical garments are trousers,cardigans,straight skirt and princess-line dress.

ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE
The asymmetrical or informal balance provides more excitement to the garment.In this case the design compostion of the garment on either side is different from each other but one part of the garment equalizes the other part in weight. The more creativity can be showed on these types of garments and body irregularities can be hidden by this factor.The example of this type of balance can be shown in formal wears.

RADIAL BALANCE
The radial type of balance can be created when the design details of a garment emerge or radiate from a     central focus point. This is a complicated design and is used for novelty effect in evening gowns.

RHYTHM
Rhythm is created by repetition of lines , patterns, shapes or colours .By use of gathers , pleats , buttons and tucks we can make a rhythmic effect in the garment.Printed suit fabrics are a wonderful example of rhythm on fabric.

EMPHASIS
Emphasis is the center of interest ,which draws and holds the attention more than any other part .
Every garment has a area of emphasis on it which makes the center of attraction of the garment.Emphasis can be achieved by means of-
Contrasting Colours
Bold and unusual shapes
Eye catching patterns
Complex Textures
Attractive Design Details
Interesting Trims

There are some details which emphasis on  face with the use of collars in contrasting colours,a bright coloured scarf or necktie,jewellery and hats.

HARMONY
Harmony in a garment relates to the overall look of the garment , in which garment,hairdo, accessories all makes the whole look.

Principles Of Harmony
Silhouette of the garment should be in a good relation to the body shape of the garment.
Style lines should be consistent on every area of the garment.
all ares of the garment should reflect the same shapes so that the continuity of the design is not broken.
Similar or contrasting textures should be used in a pleasing way.
Unity in the colour combination should be there to provide harmony.
Small differences in the hem lengths of sleeves and garment ends should be avoided as they interfere
with the horizontal movement of the eye

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Clothing Terminology

Clothing terminology comprises the names of individual garments and classes of garments, as well as the specialized vocabularies are given to different types of garments that are manufactured and designed according to person to person.
Clothing terminology ranges from the arcane (watchet, a pale blue color name from the 16th century) to the everyday (t-shirt), and changes over time in response to fashion which in turn reflects social, artistic, and political trends.

The different types of clothing terminology are-

BASIC GARMENTS-

Shirt,coat,skirt,dress,suit,underwear etc.

ACCORDING TO THE LENGTH OF SKIRT AND DRESSES-

Mini skirt,cocktail dress,evening dress,full length, mini,mid or maxi length.

HISTORIC GARMENTS-

Corset , shift dress,gowns.

DIFFERENT PARTS OF GARMENTS-

Sleeve,collar,lapel etc.

CLOTHING DETAILS-

Pockets,zippers,buttons,french cuffs etc.

FASHIONS AND ANTI - FASHIONS-

Preppy,new look,hip-hop,rational dress etc.

Persistence of clothing terminology

Some terminologies are still recognised today in their original forms.The examples of these types of terms are gowns,shirt,skirt and coats Gowns are originated from the medieval latin word gunna . It was a basic garment that hangs from the shoulders.

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How to draw fashion figures ?

All the designers have their signature style of drawing a fashion figure.They express their ideas in different ways and their different styles.These are the basic step by step process of making of fashion figures.
The first step to make a fashion drawing is to make a stick figure of the pose that you wanted to make .The fashion figure which we are going to make is going to be a little more thinner and taller than the normal figure.
The next step in fashion drawing is fleshing out the figure as it started looking more real. The legs are going to be more longer than normal figure.

Then we added the details to the figure,we draw hairstyles,facial expressions and other details.
then add on the clothes and other types of accessories.

The designing of the garment is done and the details is provided to the figure.

What Is Fashion Design?

Fashion design is the application of your ideas and your feelings in designers way . Many types of designing comes under fashion design like garments, costumes,jewellery,footwear, interior etc. All this fields are different but  they all  have a common factor and that is designing.
Fashion design has been influencing from cultural and social mediums from a very long time. fashion designers works in this field in their own ways. Their main motto is to make a product that properly fulfills the consumers needs and desires. fashions designers make cloths that are wearable and aesthetically beautiful .
They must also considers the situations in which one has to wear that garment .They can use a a wide variety of fabrics ,colours , patterns and styles .In fashion designing , designing is divided into different categories like haute couture or  bespoke tailoring in which garments are made specially for an individual and others are couture and prathe garments.
Fashion designers can work in number of ways like they can work alone or as a part of team or they can work under renowned fashion houses its up to them . Some fashion designers work for apparel manufacturers for mass production .
The working styles of fashion designers are different from each other .Some designers first make the sketch of the garment on the paper and then make the pattern of the garment,then select the fabric and then cutting,stitching and fitting is done .First the garment is made in simple fabric and  test fit is get done .

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Fashion Quotes

These are some famous words said by some famous personalities

FASHION is made to become unfashionable .
COCO CHANEL

FASHION is a form of ugliness so intolerable that we have to alter it every six months .
OSCAR WILDE

ART produces ugly things which frequently become more beautiful with time . Fashion on the other hand produces beautiful things which always become ugly with time .
JEAN COCTEAU

BE sure what you want and be sure about yourself. Fashion is not just beauty, it's about good attitude. You have to believe in yourself and be strong.
ADRIANA LIMA

THE present condition of fame is merely fashion.
GILBERT K. CHESTERTON

FASHION is what you adopt when you don't know who you are.
QUENTIN CRISP

BRAVERY never goes out of fashion.
WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERY